HONORS 240: READING THE PAST         PROF. LAWRENCE BUTLER        

FALL 2005: Sections 002 and 003                12:00 and 1:30 PM

 

COURSE SYLLABUS: THE WORLD OF LATE ANTIQUITY

 

Late antiquity is the period between the classic civilization of the Roman Empire and the emergence of the medieval world, roughly from the 2nd through the 7th centuries.  Modern western culture was profoundly shaped by the events of late antiquity, as the Roman Empire was transformed into the disparate cultures of the early Middle Ages.  Christianity, rabbinical Judaism, and Islam all have roots in the common experiences of the Mediterranean world in this period, as do the great empires of Byzantium, Islam and medieval western Europe.  Far from irrelevant today, the study of late antiquity has recently grown popular, using new techniques and asking new questions. Interpretations of this crucial period have changed dramatically, and become part of larger controversies over old assumptions and current cultural identities. In this course we will examine the societies of the late antique Mediterranean, looking for both commonalities and the distinctions that would shape the emerging medieval world.  To do this, we will consult primary sources, geography, religious texts, and recent archeology as well as historical accounts.  Since the professor is an art historian, we will consult the objects as well, using the great collections of the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore.  The work in this course contributes towards fulfillment of GMU’s  “writing across the curriculum” requirement. 

 

COURSE REQUIREMENTS:

·         Class attendance, with discussion and occasional short presentations.

·         Assigned readings.

·         Three short 3-4 pp. papers based on reading and classwork.

·         One self-propelled trip to the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, for a research paper.

·         One 7-10 pp. research paper, submitted in two drafts.

·         One intro quiz on historical geography, based on an ungraded map assignment.

·         An in-class essay final exam.

 

REQUIRED TEXTBOOKS:

·         Procopius, The Secret History.  Penguin classics, trans. G. A. Williamson.  1982.

·         St. Augustine, The ConfessionsOxford, 1998, paperback. Trans. Henry Chadwick. 

·         Peter Brown, The World of Late Antiquity.  1989 Norton edition. 

·         Hodges & Whitehouse, Mohammed, Charlemagne, and the Origins of Europe.  Cornell, 1983.

·         Averil Cameron.  The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395-600Routledge, 1993. 

·         There will be additional readings from the Bible, the Qur’an, ancient historians, and exhibition catalogues. These will be assigned during the course.

 

HOW TO REACH ME: 

·         Tel. (703) 993-3770, or call the History and Art History Department office at (703) 993-1250.

·         Email: lbutler@gmu.edu

·         Office: Robinson B340, deep inside the History and Art History Department.

·         Office hours: Mondays and Wednesdays, 1:30 to 2:30; Tuesdays 10:00 to 11:00.
CLASS POLICIES

 

Attendance is necessary; much of the material will only be covered in slide lectures.  You are responsible for getting notes, and for all consequences of missed classes.  Class participation will affect your grade, if it is conspicuously good, conspicuously lacking, or continually disruptive.  I will be making spot checks of attendance to help determine class participation grades.

 

Classroom atmosphere.  Courtesy and common sense, please.  Talking to friends during lectures, wandering in and out, cell phones, and eating food are all badly distracting to everyone else.  Chronic chatterers and latecomers are disruptive, and will be asked to leave the classroom (Oh yes I can do that—University policy.).

 

Written work Papers must be written in good formal English, with full documentation in a standard format, either MLA or Chicago.  All students are expected to use word-processors with spell-checkers. Please submit papers typed, double-spaced, and PROOFREAD. Spelling and grammar count, of course. Badly written work will be downgraded, returned for a rewrite, or flunked, as I see most appropriate.  My policies on what constitutes “good writing” are given below, in detail.  For any sort of help with writing, from simple questions to systematic tutoring, please contact The Writing Center in Robinson I, Room A116. Call them at (703) 993-1200, or see their phenomenally good web page, at: http:// writingcenter.gmu.edu/

 

Written work is due in class, printed out in hard copy.  Email submission of papers is not permitted without prior, individual approval.

 

Late work will be graded down five points per day, including weekend days, out of fairness to everyone.  By the final exam, all missing work becomes F work.  Make-up finals and elaborate medical excuses will require verification with a physician's or assistant dean's excuse.

 

English as a Second Language:  If English is not your first language, I will be happy to help you do your best in the writing assignments--by previewing papers, offering extra help, that sort of thing.  The final result must be good standard written English.  You may want to work with The Writing Center in Robinson I, Room A116. Call them at (703) 993-1200, or see their web page for English language help, at: http://writingcenter.gmu.edu/ .  You may also want to work with the English Language Institute (ELI).  Call them at (703) 993-3664, or visit their website at  http://mason.gmu.edu/~eli .

 

Learning disabilities will be accommodated as required according to University policies.  Learning disabilities must be documented by the Disabilities Support Services.  It is the student’s responsibility to get tested, present the documentation to me, and request accommodations in a timely way (i.e. not on the day of the test; not after-the-fact). For more information on this, call the GMU Disability Resource Center at (703) 993-2470, or visit their website: http://www.gmu.edu/student/drc/ .

 

Religious holidays.  I have planned this course according to the George Mason University calendar.  If you observe a religious holiday that the University does not, please let me know and I will make necessary accommodations for you (but not for the whole class).

 

Academic honesty is expected in all tests and writing.  Please respect the Honor Code, our classroom standards, your fellow students, and yourself.  The Honor Pledge will be required on all tests. Please report violations to the Honor Committee.   See the explanation of plagiarism in the guidelines for writing.

 

GRADING POLICIES

 

WRITTEN WORK will be graded according to the following criteria:

A = Startlingly good, exceeding expectations, and well-written.  Must be imaginative; NOT given for simply following directions.

B = Good effort with a good result.

C = Perfunctory; or, tried but missed the point; or, did something well but it wasn't the    assignment;  or, good idea but careless or sloppy.

D = Warning: accepted under protest.

F = Unacceptable as college-level work. 

 

Paper grades will be lowered for lateness, sloppiness, lack of proofreading, bad English, lack of necessary documentation, faulty logic, or failure to follow directions for the assignment.  Please study the directions for writing assignments, elsewhere in this syllabus.

 

Late written work: Papers are due in class, in hard copy, on the day specified. After that, late papers will be lowered five points a day, half a grade.  This makes even the best work “F” work after about ten days.  If you need an extension, you must ask for it before the due date, not on or after, if you want to avoid a penalty.  Email submissions are not accepted.

 

Ungraded assigned work is important, and will figure into the “class participation” grade.  Any missing ungraded work will result in the lowering of your final course grade by 5 points!

 

FINAL GRADES will be based on the average of your paper, test and class grades, thus:

First quiz: 10%

Three short papers 15 % each, 45% total.

Research paper: 20%

Final exam: 15%

Class participation: 10%

 

Class participation grade: Normal class participation—showing up on time, keeping up with classwork, participating in group activities, not causing problems--will be figured as “B” level.   Great class participation will be graded “A”.  Problematic behavior will be graded “C” or lower.

 

Final grades may be raised or lowered from strict average in the following  circumstances:

·         A pattern of pluses or minuses on the ungraded assignments; or missing ungraded work.  I will lower your final grade 5 points for each piece of missing ungraded work.

·         I may raise or lower your grade in recognition of significant change over the course of the semester.

·         TWO MAJOR PIECES OF GRADED WORK MISSING AT THE END OF THE COURSE WILL BE GROUNDS FOR FAILING THE COURSE REGARDLESS OF YOUR PRECISE AVERAGE.

·         IF YOU FLUNK THE FINAL EXAM, WITH AN F ON ANOTHER MAJOR PIECE OF WORK, YOU ARE LIKELY TO RECEIVE A FAILING GRADE FOR THE WHOLE COURSE.  To pass this course you must demonstrate some mastery of the material--no one passes for just showing up!  Failing to hand in written work, or failing the final exam means you have not mastered the course material.


DIRECTIONS AND GUIDELINES FOR ALL WRITING ASSIGNMENTS

 

There will be three research papers and five short reaction papers assigned for this class.  Specific directions will be handed out when the papers are assigned.  I expect papers in my classes to be formal academic writing, using correct standard English and essay organization.  They should be presented as finished products, unless otherwise specified.  In general, all written work for me, or for Art History in general, must observe the following rules:

 

Organization: College-level essays are to be carefully constructed and presented as finished products.  They are not just journal entries or stream-of-consciousness.  This means they must have a thesis of some sort, and present reasoned arguments through the examination of evidence.  There should be an introductory thesis statement and a conclusion.  Paragraphs should be used as a way to structure the argument so a reader can follow your thinking.  An interesting or informative title is necessary.  A funny title is fine.  “Art Paper #1” is not.

 

Mechanics:  All papers must be typed and double-spaced, using a standard font in 10 or 11-point size.  Please stick to plain old white paper and standard fonts.  Handwriting is not OK.  Quadruple-spacing is not OK.  Writing the whole darned thing in italics or Olde English is not OK.  (Why not?  Because italics are to be used for specific reasons: emphasis and foreign terms.  Because Olde English on perfumed blue paper is too-too high school). Pictures are nice, but strictly optional.  Pictures cannot be a substitute for writing.  Nice presentation is always welcome, but please be clear that adding pictures will not affect your grade unless they are explicitly part of the assignment.


Spelling and grammar are expected to be excruciatingly correct.  Use the spell-checker.  I will mark down work for sloppy spelling and grammar.  If the writing is really awful—ungrammatical, no evidence of proofreading, horrible spelling, or laughably short—I will not read it.  I’ll return it as unacceptable, with an F.  Early in the semester, I’ll allow a rewrite (for a maximum of C, which is the average of F and A).  Late in the semester there will be no time for a rewrite. 

 

 Page limits should be observed, and should be your guide to the depth of writing: a one-to-two page paper is pretty much a quick observation, with thesis and conclusion.  Three-to-five pages means there is time to develop a thesis and argue it through several paragraphs, considering several different questions, angles or pieces of evidence.  An eight-to-ten page paper usually includes research (this will be made clear in the assignment), and anything over ten pages is probably expected to include a great deal of research.

 

Citations.  Any time you use a source of information you should consider citing it, to avoid the appearance of plagiarism.  Generally-known facts are not normally cited.  Anything else is, including a long recitation of facts from one source that you are paraphrasing, a single opinion stated by another author, and any direct quote.

Example 1: “George Washington lived at Mount Vernon.” We all know that.  No citation needed.  Even if you didn’t happen to know that, it is the sort of information that is so widely available that no specific citation is expected.

Example 2: “The cathedral was begun in the 1890’s, and not completed until the 1950’s after several design changes.”  This is specialized information, and it must have come from somewhere unless you just made it up.  So please cite your source of information!  If you are paraphrasing a large amount of information, put a citation at the end of the paragraph.  Give a separate citation to each separate source. 

           

Example 3:  “The cathedral looks as if it was begun in the 1890’s and not completed until the 1950’s with some design changes along the way.”  Clearly your own opinion (we hope) based on your own observations (we hope).  If this is the case, then no citation is necessary.  However, if you only say it because you read it somewhere, please cite the source.  This is the honor system.

            Example 4:  “This is the finest example of Romanesque-revival style in the country.”  Oh, says who?  If this is your opinion, please back it up by explaining your assertion.  If you are just quoting from someone else, you need to cite the information.

            Example 5: “According to Encarta, this is the finest example of Romanesque-revival style in the country.”  That’s nice—but you still need to add a footnote or parenthetical reference giving the details, in a standard citation format.

 

Citation style: There are several acceptable citation styles in academic writing, and you probably have been taught several here and there.  Please use the one you know best, or the one most appropriate to your major.  In history and art-history, we usually use the Chicago style, which uses footnotes.   In English and other language humanities, MLA style is the standard, with short parenthetical references to authors and page numbers, and a list of works cited at the end.  The social sciences use the similar APA style.  In any case, use one style correctly and consistently throughout your essay.  Take the necessary time to learn the standard rules, and follow them carefully.   The rules are easily found in any writing manual.  Don’t remember the rules? Go to the GMU Writing Center web site, find “resources,” and click on their “on-line style guides.”  It’s just that simple.  Here’s the URL:

http://writingcenter.gmu.edu/resources/ .

 

Plagiarism is a serious academic offense. Here is how the GMU Honor Code defines it:

 

B. Plagiarism encompasses the following:

        1.Presenting as one's own the works, the work, or the opinions of someone else without proper acknowledgement.

        2.Borrowing the sequence of ideas, the arrangement of material, or the pattern of thought of someone   else without proper acknowledgement.

 

That means you must acknowledge your source, even if it is an anonymous museum pamphlet or long museum label.  Those, too, are reasoned writing.  I get very unhappy when I read something that sounds like it was copied from a museum website, even if a word is changed here or there.  So, I copied the above from the Honor Code listed in the Faculty/Staff Handbook on-line, along with judicial procedures, at

http://www.gmu.edu/facstaff/handbook/aD.html

 

The good news: Plagiarism is easily avoided.  Just acknowledge all your sources, using footnotes or other acceptable form of reference. That’s really all there is to it. The bad news: Plagiarism on tests and papers is CHEATING and will be reported to the Honor Committee!

 

 

 

 

 

 


TENTATIVE CLASS AND READING SCHEDULE

 

·         Classes will normally be held in the Fine Arts Building, Room B212 on Tuesdays and Thursdays.  Section 002 meets from 12:00 to 1:15, Section 003 meets from 1:30 to 2:45.

·         Writing projects will be assigned in class, with class input on due dates. 

·         Additional short readings on-line and on reserve will be assigned as appropriate, during the course.

 

PART ONE: THE LATE ANTIQUE MEDITERRANEAN

 

WEEK ONE: INTRO TO TIME AND PLACE

Reading: Peter Brown, The World of Late Antiquity, Part One: The Late Roman Revolution.

Map assigned.

 

WEEK TWO: THE LATE ANTIQUE CITY

            Monday, Sept. 5: Labor Day, no class.

Videos and on-line primary sources, including the Bible, and Josephus, The Jewish Wars, to be assigned.

Look at exhibition catalogues on reserve:

·         Antioch; and The Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art: “The Jewish World.”

            Map assignment due.

 

WEEK THREE: REGIONS AND QUESTIONS

Reading: Catch up on assigned primary sources and videos.

Last day to add classes: Tuesday, September 13th.

QUIZ on terms and historical geography, Thursday, September 15th.

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PART TWO: EARLY CHRISTIANITY IN SOCIAL CONTEXT

 

WEEK FOUR: CHRISTIANITY IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN

Reading: Averil Cameron, The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, chapters 1-4.

            Peter Brown, The World of Late Antiquity, review Part One, pp. 82-113. 

Look at exhibition catalogues on reserve:

·         Art and Holy Powers in the Early Christian House;

·         The Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art

           

WEEK FIVE: CHAOS IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN

Reading: Hodges & Whitehouse, Mohammed, Charlemagne and the Origins of Europe, chapters 1 and 2.

            Brown, Part Two, I: “The West.”

            Last day to drop classes without dean’s permission: Friday, September 30.

 

WEEK SIX: THE CONFESSIONS OF ST. AUGUSTINE.

            Reading: The Confessions of St. Augustine.

 

WEEK SEVEN: MUSEUM PROJECTS

            Classes canceled, Tuesday, October 11.


 

PART THREE: THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND URBAN LIFE

 

WEEK EIGHT: THE AGE OF JUSTINIAN AND THEODORA

Reading: Brown, Part Two/II: Byzantium.

Cameron, Chapter 5: Justinian.

            Look at exhibition catalogue on reserve: Byzantine Women and their World.

 

WEEK NINE: MATERIAL CULTURE AND LITERARY CULTURE

Reading: Cameron, Chapter 6: “Culture and Mentality.”

            Hodges & Whitehouse, chapter 3, “The Eastern Mediterranean”

On-line primary sources, to be assigned.

Look at assigned sections of the catalogues on reserve:

The Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art

 

WEEK TEN: PROCOPIUS AND HIS SECRET HISTORY

Reading: Procopius, The Secret History.

 

WEEK ELEVEN: THE DEMISE OF THE CLASSICAL CITY

Reading: Cameron, Chapters 7-8 and conclusion.

 

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PART FOUR: EARLY ISLAM AND EUROPE

 

We will have a guest lecturer during this part of the course.  Additional readings will be assigned accordingly.

 

WEEK TWELVE: THE RISE OF ISLAM

            Reading: Excerpts from the Qur’an, to be assigned.

            Brown, Part Two/III: “The New Participants.”

 

WEEK THIRTEEN: “MOHAMMED AND CHARLEMAGNE” REVISITED

            Reading: Hodges & Whitehouse, Chapters 4-8

            Primary source on-line: Ibn Fadhlan.

            Thanksgiving recess: No class on Thursday, November 24th.

 

WEEK FOURTEEN: THE MEDITERRANEAN AND THE SILK ROAD

            Reading: Primary sources exhibition catalogues, to be assigned.

 

WEEK FIFTEEN: SUMMARY, REPORTS, CATCH-UP AND REVIEW

            Last day of class/ Review: Thursday, December 8.

 

Reading day: Monday, December 12.

 

FINAL EXAMS: 

 

Section 002 (12:00 class): Tuesday, December 13, 10:30 to 1:00 PM

Section 003 (1:30 class):     Thursday, December 15, 1:30 to 4:00 PM